Premio Nobel  1972

Sir John Richard Hicks, economista británico, obtuvo el Premio Nobel de Economía en 1972, compartido con K.J. Arrow, "por sus contribuciones pioneras a la teoría del equilibrio económico general y la teoría del bienestar".

Hicks es una de las figuras más destacadas del pensamiento económico del siglo XX. Estuvo casado con Ursula Webb, hija de los fabianos Beatrice y Sidney Webb.

Licenciado en Oxford, fue profesor en la London School of Economics (1926-1935) y posteriormente en las Universidades de Cambridge, Manchester y Oxford.

Seguidor de Walras y Pareto, aplica la técnica de las curvas de indiferencia a los bienes, reconvirtiendo así la teoría de la demanda.

Quizá su aportación más popular fue el artículo de 1937 publicado en la revista Econometrica: "Mr Keynes and the Classics: A suggested interpretation". En él realizó un esfuerzo de conciliación del pensamiento de Keynes, cuya obra fundamental se acababa de publicar, con los modelos clásicos de equilibrio. De ello resultó un modelo, posteriormente conocido como el modelo Hicks-Hansen o curvas IS-LM.

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Obras

• "Edgeworth, Marshall and the Indeterminateness of Wages", 1930, EJ.
• "Theory of Uncertainty and Profit", 1931, Economica.
• The Theory of Wages, 1932.
• "Marginal Productivity and the Principle of Variation", 1932, Economica
• "Equilibrium and the Cycle", 1933, ZfN.
• "A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value", con R.G.D. Allen, Economica.
• "Leon Walras", 1934, Econometrica.
• "A Note on the Elasticity of Supply", 1934, RES.
• "Review of Myrdal, 1934, Economica.
• "Review of Dupuit", 1935, Economica.
• "The Theory of Monopoly", 1935, Econometrica.
• "Wages and Interest: A dynamic problem", 1935, EJ.
• "A Suggestion for Simplifying the Theory of Money", 1935, Economica.
• "Mr Keynes's Theory of Employment", 1936, EJ.
• "Distribution and Economic Progress: a revised version", 1936, RES.
• "Mr Keynes and the Classics: A suggested simplification", 1937, Econometrica.
• "The Foundations of Welfare Economics", 1939, EJ.
• Value and Capital: An inquiry into some fundamental principles of economic theory , 1939.
• "Mr Hawtrey on Bank Rate and the Long Term Rate of Interest", 1939, Manchester School.
• "Public Finance in National Income" con Ursula K. Hicks, 1939, RES.
• "The Valuation of Social Income", 1940, Economica.
• Taxation and War Wealth, with U.K.Hicks and L. Rostas, 1941.
• "The Rehabilitation of Consumers' Surplus", 1941, RES.
• "Saving and the Rate of Interest in War-Time", 1941, Manchester School.
• "Education in Economics", 1941, Bulletin MSS.
• "Consumers' Surplus and Index-Numbers", 1942, RES.
• "The Monetary Theory of D.H.Robertson", 1942, Economica.
• The Social Framework: An introduction to economics, 1942.
• "Maintaining Capital Intact", 1942, Economica.
• "The Beveridge Plan and Local Government Finance", with U.K. Hicks, 1943, Bulletin MSS.
• "The Four Consumer's Surpus", 1944, RES.
• "Recent Contributions to General Equilibrum Economics", 1945, Economica.
• "Theorie de Keynes après neuf ans", 1945, Revue d'Economie Politique.
• "The Generalised Theory of Consumer's Surplus", 1946, RES.
• "World Recovery After War", 1947, EJ.
• "Full Employment in a Period of Reconstruction", 1947, Nationalokonomisk Tidsskrift.
• "The Empty Economy", 1947, Lloyds BR.
• The Problem of Budgetary Reform, 1949.
• "Devaluation and World Trade", 1949, Three Banks Review.
• "Mr Harrod's Dynamic Economics", 1949, Economica.
• A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade Cycle , 1950.
• "Free Trade and Modern Economics", 1951, Bulletin MSS.
• "Review of Menger", 1951, EJ.
• "The Long-Term Dollar Problem", 1953, Oxford EP.
• "The Process of Imperfect Competition", 1954, Oxford EP.
• A Revision of Demand Theory, 1956.
• "Methods of Dynamic Analysis", 1956, in 25 Economic Essays in Honor of Erik Lindahl.
• "A Rehabilitation of `Classical' Economics? Review of Patinkin", 1957, EJ.
• "The Measurement of Real Income", 1958, Oxford EP.
• "A Value-and-Capital Growth Model", 1958, RES.
• "Future of the Rate of Interest", 1958, Bulletin MSS.
• "World Inflation", 1958, Irish Bank Review.
• Essays in World Economics, 1959.
• "Thoughts on the Theory of Capital: The Corfu Conference", 1960, Oxford EP.
• "Linear Theory", 1960, EJ.
• "Measurement of Capital in Relation to the Measurement of Other Economic Aggregates", 1961, in Lutz and Hague, editors, Theory of Capital.
• "Pareto Revealed", 1961, Economica.
• "Prices and the Turnpike: Story of a Mare's Nest, 1961, RES.
• "Liquidity", 1962, EJ
• Capital and Growth, 1965.
• "Growth and Anti-Growth", 1966, Oxford EP.
• Critical Essays in Monetary Theory , 1967.
• "Measurement of Capital - in Practice", 1969, Bulletin of ISI.
• "Autonomists, Hawtreyans and Keynesians", 1969, JMCB.
• A Theory of Economic History, 1969.
• "Direct and Indirect Additivity", 1969, Econometrica.
• "A Neo-Austrian Growth Theory", 1970, EJ.
• "Elasticity of Substitution Again: Substitutes and complements", 1970, Oxford EP.
• "Review of Friedman", 1970, EJ.
• "The Austrian Theory of Capital and its Rebirth in Modern Economics", 1973, ZfN.
• "Ricardo's Theory of Distribution", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors, Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins.
• Capital and Time: A Neo-Austrian theory , 1973.
• Editor, Carl Menger and the Austrian School of Economics, with W. Weber, 1973.
• "Recollections and Documents", 1973, Economica.
• "The Mainspring of Economic Growth" , 1973, Swedish JE. (repr. 1981, AER)
• "On the Measurement of Capital", 1973, Economic Science.
• The Crisis in Keynesian Economics, 1974.
• "Real and Monetary Factors in Economic Fluctuations", 1974, Scottish JPE.
• "Industrialism", 1974, International Affairs.
• "Capital Controversies: Ancient and Modern", 1974, AER.
• "The Scope and Status of Welfare Economics", 1975, Oxford EP.
• "What is Wrong with Monetarism", 1975, Lloyds BR.
• "The Quest for Monetary Stability", 1975, South African JE.
• "Some Questions of Time in Economics", 1976, en Tang et al, editors, Evolution, Welfare and Time in Economics: Essays in honor of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.
• Economic Perspectives, 1976.
• "Must Stimulating Demand Stimulate Inflation?", 1976, Econ Record.
• "`Revolutions' in Economics", 1976, in Latsis, editor, Method and Appraisal in Economics.
• "The Little that is Right with Monetarism", 1976, Lloyds BR.
• Economic Perspectives, 1977.
• "Mr.Ricardo and the Moderns", with S. Hollander, 1977, QJE.
• Causality in Economics, 1979.
• "The Formation of an Economist", 1979, BNLQR.
• "Is Interest the Price of a Factor of Production?", 1979, en Rizzo, editor, Time, Uncertainty and Disequilibrium.
• "IS-LM: An explanation", 1980, JPKE.
• Wealth and Welfare: Vol I. of Collected Essays in Economic Theory, 1981.
• Money, Interest and Wages: Vol. II of Collected Essays in Economic Theory, 1982.
• Classics and Moderns: Vol. III of Collected Essays in Economic Theory, 1983.
• "The New Causality: An explanation", 1984, Oxford EP.
• "Is Economics a Science?", 1984, Interdisciplinary Science Review.
• "Francis Ysidro Edgeworth", 1984, in Murphy, editor, Economists and the Irish Economy.
• Methods of Dynamic Economics, 1985.
• "Sraffa and Ricardo: A critical view", 1985, in Caravale, Legacy of Ricardo.
• "Loanable Funds and Liquidity Preference", 1986, Greek ER.
• "Rational Behavior: Observation or assumption?", 1986, in Kirzner, editor, Subjectivism, Intelligibility and Economic Understanding.
• "Towards a More General Theory", 1988, in Kohn and Tsiang, editor, Finance Constraints, Expectations and Macroeconomics
• "The Assumption of Constant Returns to Scale", 1989, Cambridge JE.
• A Market Theory of Money, 1989.
• "An Accountant Among Economists: Conversations with John Hicks", with A. Klamer, 1989, JEP.
• "Ricardo and Sraffa", 1990, in Bharadwaj and Schefold, eds., Essays on Piero Sraffa.
• "The Unification of Macro-Economics", 1990, EJ.
• "A Self-Survey", 1990, Greek ER.
• "The Swedish Influence on Value and Capital", 1991, in Jonung, editor, The Stockholm School of Economics Revisited.