The Jaen Museum, a state-owned museum managed by the Regional Government of Andalusia, was created in 1969 when the Provincial Fine Arts Museum of Jaén merged with the Provincial Archaeological Museum, inaugurating its current home on Paseo de la Estación in 1971. The museum occupies an early 20th-century palace and two other buildings.

In addition to its permanent exhibition facilities, the museum has two temporary exhibition halls located in an annexe and the courtyard of San Miguel in the main building, a central covered space also used for temporary shows that contains the portal of the church of San Miguel, attributed to Andrés de Vandelvira, from which it takes its name.