The Guadiato-Bembézar Special Area of Conservation , with a surface area of 114,738.46 hectares, is spread out between Fuente Obejuna, Espiel, Villanueva del Rey, Hornachuelos, Obejo, Villaviciosa de Córdoba, Posadas, Almodóvar del Río, Villaharta and Córdoba.

The holm oak is the most abundant tree species here, followed by the cork oak and, to a lesser extent, the wild olive and Portuguese oak. There are also patches of pine forest that are mostly from repopulation. The land is also home to willows, ash trees, tamarisk, alders and elms.

There is a great deal of fauna to be found here, thanks to the rich, diverse vegetation and good conservation of present habitats and and the way it was traditionally used. Birds make up the bulk of the wildlife here: the Iberian imperial eagle, the golden eagle and the black vulture, among others.
In terms of mammals, the Iberian lynx is worth a mention; the most endangered wild cat in the world, seeking out refuge in Sierra Morena. The importance of the area as a wildlife corridor for the species is paramount, as it is positioned between Doñana and Sierra Morena, (home to the only two stable lynx populations in Andalusia), and the setting is an ample habitat for fascinating
Equally of note is the wolf. There are only two populations in Andalusia, both in Sierra Morena. And, like the lynx, it depends heavily on the Special Area of Conservation and its wildlife corridor for the continuation and survival of the species. They share their habitat with otters, numerous species of bats, amphibians, reptiles and fish.

This area is also of great importance from a hunting point of view, due to the abundance of deer, wild boar, rabbits, and partridges.

The development of activities linked to the natural environment for public and recreational use has been important for the Guadiato-Bembézar Special Area of Conservation. Interest in the surrounding areas of Cordoba has risen, thanks to peri-urban parks such as Los Villares, La Sierrezuela and Fuente Agria, as well as the creation of trails and viewpoints located in and around the Special Area of Conservation and in the Cordoba mountain range itself.
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